The Tondrakian Gnostics had a very specific belief system that caused quite a bit of controversy with their Orthodox counterparts. Instead, this sect chose to ordain one another, and they followed a self-conferred priesthood. Through this practice, the Tondrakians managed to keep their organization free of the corruption of the Catholic Church. The Tondrakians denied apostolic ordination – this characteristic likely drew in the support from the lower societal classes. In addition, the Tondrakians denied Holy Communion as the true body and blood of Christ. Tondrakians also denied baptism and use of holy water. Tondrakians also denied marriage as a sacrament. Sunday was considered a regular day, not the Sabbath. They refused genuflection and veneration of the cross.

Ethically, the Tondrakians were reputed to be sexually promiscuous. They supported property rights for peasants and supported equality for men and women.